English Commentaries

Planetary position at the time of birth of Rama, Lakshmana, Bharata and Satrughna 1.18.8-16

Twelve months after the completion of Putreshti and distribution of payasa to the queens, on the ninth day of Caitra when deity Adita was ruling Punarvasu star, when the planets were in their respective high places (the five planets are -Surya. Angaraka, Sauri, Brhaspati, and Sukra and the high places of the planets are generally known to be Aja, Vrsabha, Mrna, Angana, Kutira, Jhasa, Vanik, Divakara) and when Brhaspati was with Candramas, Punarvasu was in Karkata, Karkata is the high place of Brhaspati. Surya was also placed in its high place-Mesa. Similarly Manda was in Tula rasi, Angaraka in Makara rasi and Sukra in Mina rasi. At such an auspicious time Rama was born. Of the first half of the payasa which contained the vital part of Visnu, Rama was born of the best of all the four parts containing one-fourth of Visnu, Lakshmana and Satrughna were born and of the halves of the first, half and the second half, was born Bharata, thus together containing half of Visnu.
Bharata was born in the star Pusya and in Mina lagna. Sumitra’s sons were born in Aslesa and Surya lagna. Twin sons were born to Sumitra. All the four sons had their characteristic qualities. They were like the four parts of Bhadrapada, beautiful in form.

Comparison of Rama to Hiranyagarbha 1.18.23

Why was Rama compared to Hiranyagarbha? Because he alone possesses the natural strength of creation, protection, destruction. “He created himself” since there was no one else to create Him. Hence svayambhu (self-born).

The four gods born to Brahma 1.18.32

The Vedas describe how four gods were born from the four mouths of Brahma: “Vasus From the front face, Rudras from the southern face, Adityas from the rear face, Visvadevas from the northern face. Also, Indra, Yama, Varuna and Kubera are the four gods favourite to Brahma.