English Commentaries


Dangers to a state without a king 2.67.9-end


The various types of danger that might attack a kingdom without a ruler:
1. The thundering cloud wreathed with lightning brings no timely rains.
2. Seeds will not be sown for uncertainty of rain.
3. Sons will not be amenable to the control of the father as there is no fear of punishment.
4. A wife will not be amenable to the control of her husband as there is no authority to enforce correct conduct.
5. There can be no safety to personal property in the absence of enforcer of law.
6. Women will not be faithful to their husbands, as there is no authority to check adultery.
7. When the bond between husband and wife is broken, how can any other form of truthfulness prevail?
8. Philanthropic people will not come forward to build public utility buildings, temples, dharmashalas or parks as lawless people might destroy them.
9. Rites like sacrifices, public worship will not take place for fear of eruption of trouble.
10. Even rich people will look niggardly, afraid of robbers and brigands.
11. Dance, drama, music and such festivals of fine arts that delight people will not take place.
12. Lawsuits are not settled as there is none to pronounce judgment.
13. Study of religious texts comes to a stop.
14. Unmarried girls dare not visit gardens and parks for fear of being outraged by trouble-makers.
15. Merchants and farmers including cow-herds will not be able to sleep with open doors for fear of dacoits, thieves etc.,
16. Lustful men and women rejoice at gardens and pleasure groves openly.
17. Even aged elephants will not walk boldly on roads.
18. Kshatriya youth will cease to practise bowmanship.
19. Merchants, travelling to distant places do not safely move with their wares.
20. Ascetics, contemplating on self will not move freely for want of hospitable householders.
21. There is no acquisition of property as there can be no security of possession.
22. Even the army cannot fight the enemies, as there will be no guidance.
23. Well-to-do citizens cannot move freely as there will be no proper security.
24. Discussion on sastras or vedas cannot take place.
25. The finest flowers, sandal paste, sweetmeats etc., will not go to the deities for worship.