Sloka & Translation

[Rama, Sita and Lakshmana enter the Dandaka forest -- Sages at Dandaka offer prayers and welcome Sri Rama.]

ಪ್ರವಿಶ್ಯ ತು ಮಹಾರಣ್ಯಂ ದಣ್ಡಕಾರಣ್ಯಮಾತ್ಮವಾನ್.

ದದರ್ಶ ರಾಮೋ ದುರ್ಧರ್ಷಸ್ತಾಪಸಾಶ್ರಮಮಣ್ಡಲಮ್৷৷3.1.1৷৷


ಆತ್ಮವಾನ್ self-possessed, ದುರ್ಧರ್ಷಃ invincible ರಾಮಃ Rama, ಮಹಾರಣ್ಯಮ್ great forest, ದಣ್ಡಕಾರಣ್ಯಮ್ Dandaka forest, ಪ್ರವಿಶ್ಯ having entered, ತಾಪಸಾಶ್ರಮಮಣ್ಡಲಮ್ multitude of hermitages of the ascetics, ದದರ್ಶ saw.

The invincible and self-possessed Rama entered the great forest of Dandaka and saw there a multitude of hermitages of the ascetics.
ಕುಶಚೀರಪರಿಕ್ಷಿಪ್ತಂ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮ್ಯಾ ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮ್ಯಾ ಸಮಾವೃತಮ್.

ಯಥಾ ಪ್ರದೀಪ್ತಂ ದುರ್ದರ್ಶಂ ಗಗನೇ ಸೂರ್ಯಮಣ್ಡಲಮ್৷৷3.1.2৷৷


ಕುಶಚೀರಪರಿಕ್ಷಿಪ್ತಮ್ ceremonial robes(made) of kusa grass spread all over ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮ್ಯಾ of the brahmanas, ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮ್ಯಾ of auspicious appearance, ಸಮಾವೃತಮ್ surrounded, ಗಗನೇ in the sky, ಪ್ರದೀಪ್ತಮ್ glowing, ಸೂರ್ಯಮಣ್ಡಲಂ ಯಥಾ like the orb of the Sun, ದುರ್ದರ್ಶಮ್ difficult to gaze.

They (the hermitages) were strewn all over with kusa grass and robes by bark with auspicious sacrificial materials around and hence dazzling like the orb of the sun in the sky difficult to gaze.
ಶರಣ್ಯಂ ಸರ್ವಭೂತಾನಾಂ ಸುಸಮ್ಮೃಷ್ಟಾಜಿರಂ ಸದಾ.

ಮೃಗೈರ್ಬಹುಭಿರಾಕೀರ್ಣಂ ಪಕ್ಷಿಸಙ್ಘೈಸ್ಸಮಾವೃತಮ್৷৷3.1.3৷৷


ಸರ್ವಭೂತಾನಾಮ್ for all beings, ಶರಣ್ಯಮ್ shelter, ಸದಾ always, ಸುಸಮ್ಮೃಷ್ಟಾಜಿರಂ the courtyard being well-cleaned, wetted and decorated, ಬಹುಭಿಃ by many, ಮೃಗೈಃ by antelopes, ಆಕೀರ್ಣಮ್ filled all over, ಪಕ್ಷಿಸಙ್ಘೈ by flocks of birds, ಸಮಾವೃತಮ್ filled with.

The courtyards (of the hermitages) were clean-swept, sprinkled with water and decorated. They provided shelter to all kinds of creatures and were filled all over with flocks of birds and antelopes.
ಪೂಜಿತಂ ಚ ಪ್ರನೃತ್ತಂ ಚ ನಿತ್ಯಮಪ್ಸರಸಾಂ ಗಣೈಃ.

ವಿಶಾಲೈರಗ್ನಿಶರಣೈಃ ಸ್ರುಗ್ಭಾಣ್ಡೈರಜಿನೈಃ ಕುಶೈಃ৷৷3.1.4৷৷

ಸಮಿದ್ಭಿಸ್ತೋಯಕಲಶೈಃ ಫಲಮೂಲೈಶ್ಚ ಶೋಭಿತಮ್.

ಆರಣ್ಯೈಶ್ಚ ಮಹಾವೃಕ್ಷೈಃ ಪುಣ್ಯೈಸ್ಸ್ವಾದುಫಲೈರ್ವೃತಮ್৷৷3.1.5৷৷


ಅಪ್ಸರಸಾಮ್ by celestial damsels, ಗಣೈಃ by groups, ಪೂಜಿತಂ ಚ glorified, ಪ್ರನೃತ್ತಂ ಚ and offered dances as service, ವಿಶಾಲೈಃ with vast, ಅಗ್ನಿಶರಣೈಃ with fire sanctuaries ಸ್ರುಗ್ಭಾಣ್ಡೈಃ with wooden ladles for offering ghee ಅಜಿನೈಃ with deer-skins, ಕುಶೈಃ with kusa grass, ಸಮಿದ್ಭಿ: with faggots (specially offered to fire in sacrificial ceremonies), ತೋಯಕಲಶೈಃ pots filled with water, ಫಲಮೂಲೈಶ್ಚ with fruits and roots, ಶೋಭಿತಮ್ adorned, ಆರಣ್ಯೈಃ produced in forests, ಪುಣ್ಯೈಃ sacred ones, ಸ್ವಾದುಫಲೈಃ by sweet fruits, ಮಹಾವೃಕ್ಷೈಃ with huge trees, ಉಪಶೋಭಿತಮ್ looking delightful all over.

The hermitages looked glorified with dances by celestial damsels. They were adorned with vast fire sanctuaries, ladles for sacrificial ceremonies, deer-skins and kusa grass faggots for pots of water, roots and fruits. They looked delightful with huge sacred trees of the forest laden with sweet fruits.
ಬಲಿಹೋಮಾರ್ಚಿತಂ ಪುಣ್ಯಂ ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಘೋಷನಿನಾದಿತಮ್.

ಪುಷ್ಪೈಶ್ಚಾನ್ಯೈಃ ಪರಿಕ್ಷಿಪ್ತಂ ಪದ್ಮಿನ್ಯಾ ಚ ಸಪದ್ಮಯಾ৷৷3.1.6৷৷

ಫಲಮೂಲಾಶನೈರ್ದಾನ್ತೈಶ್ಚೀರಕೃಷ್ಣಾಜಿನಾಮ್ಬರೈಃ.

ಸೂರ್ಯವೈಶ್ವಾನರಾಭೈಶ್ಚ ಪುರಾಣೈರ್ಮುನಿಭಿರ್ವುತಮ್৷৷3.1.7৷৷


ಬಲಿಹೋಮಾರ್ಚಿತಮ್ worshipped with various offerings and sacrifices, ಪುಣ್ಯಮ್ sacred, ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಘೋಷನಿನಾದಿತಮ್ reverberating with chanting of the Vedas,ಅನ್ಯೈಃ ಪುಷ್ಪೈಃ by other flowers, ಪರಿಕ್ಷಿಪ್ತಮ್ scattered here and there, ಪದ್ಮಿನ್ಯಾ by a lotus-pond, ಸಪದ್ಮಯಾ filled with lotuses, ಫಲಮೂಲಾಶನೈಃ by those living on fruits and roots, ದಾನ್ತೈ: self-restrained ones, ಚೀರಕೃಷ್ಣಾಜಿನಾಮ್ಬರೈಃ wearing bark garments and skins of black antelopes, ಸೂರ್ಯವೈಶ್ವಾನರಾಭೈಶ್ಚ glowing like the Sun or the fire, ಪುರಾಣೈಃ by the aged, ಮುನಿಭಿಃ by the sages, ವೃತಮ್ surrounded by.

The hermitages where various sacrificial offerings were made reverberated with Vedic chantings. Flowers were scattered all over. There was a lotus-pond with lotuses. There were aged, self-restrained sages glowing like the Sun or the fire, living on fruits and roots, clothed in bark and dark deer-skin.
ಪುಣ್ಯೈಶ್ಚ ನಿಯತಾಹಾರೈಃ ಶೋಭಿತಂ ಪರಮರ್ಷಿಭಿಃ.

ತದ್ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಭವನಪ್ರಖ್ಯಂ ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಘೋಷನಿನಾದಿತಮ್৷৷3.1.8৷৷


ಪುಣ್ಯೈಃ by holy people, ನಿಯತಾಹಾರೈಃ with regulated diet, ಪರಮರ್ಷಿಭಿಃ by great sages, ಶೋಭಿತಮ್ shining, ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಘೋಷನಿನಾದಿತಮ್ echoing with the chanting of the Vedas, ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಭವನಪ್ರಖ್ಯಮ್ resembling the abode of Brahma, ತತ್ that (hermitage).

The hermitages echoing with the sounds of Vedic recitations and resembling the very abode of Brahma were adorned with great, holy sages living on regulated diet.
ಬ್ರಹ್ಮವಿದ್ಭಿರ್ಮಹಾಭಾಗೈರ್ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಣೈರುಪಶೋಭಿತಮ್.

ತದ್ದೃಷ್ಟ್ವಾ ರಾಘವಃ ಶ್ರೀಮಾಂಸ್ತಾಪಸಾಶ್ರಮಮಣ್ಡಲಮ್৷৷3.1.9৷৷

ಅಭ್ಯಗಚ್ಛನ್ಮಹಾತೇಜಾ ವಿಜ್ಯಂ ಕೃತ್ವಾ ಮಹದ್ಧನುಃ.


ಬ್ರಹ್ಮವಿದ್ಭಿ: by those knowing the Supreme Spirit, ಮಹಾಭಾಗೈಃ by the venerable ones, ಬಾಹ್ಮಣೈಃ by brahmins, ಉಪಶೋಭಿತಮ್ was adorned, ತತ್ that, ತಾಪಸಾಶ್ರಮಮಣ್ಡಲಮ್ groups of hermitages of the sages, ದೃಷ್ಟ್ವಾ after seeing, ಶ್ರೀಮಾನ್ illustrious, ಮಹಾತೇಜಾಃ a man of great lustre, ರಾಘವಃ Rama, ಮಹತ್ great, ಧನುಃ bow, ವಿಜ್ಯಮ್ with loosened string, ಕೃತ್ವಾ doing, ಅಭ್ಯಗಚ್ಛತ್ went forward.

The illustrious, effulgent Rama saw groups of hermitages adorned with venerable brahmins, with knowledge of the Supreme Spirit. On seeing them he loosened the string of his great bow and went forward.
ದಿವ್ಯಜ್ಞಾನೋಪಪನ್ನಾಸ್ತೇ ರಾಮಂ ದೃಷ್ಟ್ವಾ ಮಹರ್ಷಯಃ৷৷3.1.10৷৷

ಅಭ್ಯಗಚ್ಛನ್ಸ್ತದಾ ಪ್ರೀತಾ ವೈದೇಹೀಂ ಚ ಯಶಸ್ವಿನೀಮ್.


ದಿವ್ಯಜ್ಞಾನೋಪಪನ್ನಾಃ richly endowed with divine knowledge, ತೇ ಮಹರ್ಷಯಃ those great sages, ರಾಮಂ Rama, ಯಶಸ್ವಿನೀಮ್ highly reputed, ವೈದೇಹೀಂ ಚ Sita too, ದೃಷ್ಟ್ವಾ on seeing, ಪ್ರೀತಾಃ pleased, ತದಾ then, ಅಭ್ಯಗಚ್ಛನ್ went towards.

On seeing Rama with illustrious Sita, the great sages, richly endowed with divine knowledge, went forward to greet him.
ತೇ ತಂ ಸೋಮಮಿವೋದ್ಯನ್ತಂ ದೃಷ್ಟ್ವಾ ವೈ ಧರ್ಮಚಾರಿಣಮ್৷৷3.1.11৷৷

ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಣಂ ಚೈವ ದೃಷ್ಟ್ವಾ ತು ವೈದೇಹೀಂ ಚ ಯಶಸ್ವಿನೀಮ್.

ಮಙ್ಗಲಾನಿ ಪ್ರಯುಞ್ಜಾನಾಃ ಪ್ರತ್ಯಗೃಹ್ಣನ್ದೃಢವ್ರತಾಃ৷৷3.1.12৷৷


ದೃಢವ್ರತಾಃ steadfast in vows, ತೇ they, ಉದ್ಯನ್ತಮ್ rising, ಸೋಮಮಿವ like the Moon, ಧರ್ಮಚಾರಿಣಮ್ follower of righteous path, ದೃಷ್ಟ್ವಾ ತು on seeing, ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಣಂ ಚೈವ Lakshmana too, ಯಶಸ್ವಿನೀಮ್ famed, ವೈದೇಹೀಂ ಚ Sita also, ದೃಷ್ಟ್ವಾ ತು seeing, ಮಙ್ಗಲಾನಿ words of benediction, ಪ್ರಯುಞ್ಜಾನಾಃ uttering, ಪ್ರತ್ಯಗೃಹ್ಣನ್ went towards and received them.

The sages, steadfast in their vows, saw Rama who was shining like the rising Moon, Lakshmana and the famed Sita went forward and received them with words of benediction.
ರೂಪಸಂಹನನಂ ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀಂ ಸೌಕುಮಾರ್ಯಂ ಸುವೇಷತಾಮ್.

ದದೃಶುರ್ವಿಸ್ಮಿತಾಕಾರಾ ರಾಮಸ್ಯ ವನವಾಸಿನಃ৷৷3.1.13৷৷


ವನವಾಸಿನಃ (sages) living in the woods, ರಾಮಸ್ಯ Rama's, ರೂಪಸಂಹನನಮ್ beauty of the body, ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀಮ್ splendour, ಸೌಕುಮಾರ್ಯಮ್ tenderness, ಸುವೇಷತಾಮ್ will attired, ವಿಸ್ಮಿತಾಕಾರಾಃ wonder-struck sages, ದದೃಶುಃ saw.

Those sages living in the forest were wonder-struck to see the handsome, graceful, delicate and well-dressed Rama.
ವೈದೇಹೀಂ ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಣಂ ರಾಮಂ ನೇತ್ರೈರನಿಮಿಷೈರಿವ.

ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯಭೂತಾನ್ದದೃಶುಃ ಸರ್ವೇ ತೇ ವನಚಾರಿಣಃ৷৷3.1.14৷৷


ಸರ್ವೇ all, ತೇ ವನಚಾರಿಣ: those forest-rangers, ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯಭೂತಾನ್ creating wonder, ವೈದೇಹೀಮ್ Sita, ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಣಂ Lakshmana, ಚೈವ too, ರಾಮಂ Rama, ಅನಿಮಿಷೈರಿವ unblinking, ನೇತ್ರೈ: with eyes, ದದೃಶುಃ saw.

All the foresters looked at the wonderful figures of Rama, Sita and Lakshmana with unblinking eyes.
ಅತ್ರೈನಂ ಹಿ ಮಹಾಭಾಗಾ ಸ್ಸರ್ವಭೂತಹಿತೇ ರತಾಃ.

ಅತಿಥಿಂ ಪರ್ಣಶಾಲಾಯಾಂ ರಾಘವಂ ಸಂನ್ಯವೇಶಯನ್৷৷3.1.15৷৷


ಸರ್ವಭೂತಹಿತೇ in the welfare of all beings, ರತಾಃ engaged, ಮಹಾಭಾಗಾಃ glorious, ಅತ್ರ here, ಪರ್ಣಶಾಲಾಯಾಮ್ in a leafy hut, ಅತಿಥಿಮ್ guest, ಏನಮ್ ರಾಘವಮ್ this Rama, ಸಂನ್ಯವೇಶಯನ್ made him sit and rest.

Ever engaged in the welfare of all beings, the sages made Rama, their guest, sit in their leafy hut.
ತತೋ ರಾಮಸ್ಯ ಸತ್ಕೃತ್ಯ ವಿಧಿನಾ ಪಾವಕೋಪಮಾಃ.

ಆಜಹ್ರುಸ್ತೇ ಮಹಾಭಾಗಾಃ ಸಲಿಲಂ ಧರ್ಮಚಾರಿಣಃ৷৷3.1.16৷৷


ತತಃ thereafter, ಪಾವಕೋಪಮಾಃ comparable to fire, ಮಹಾಭಾಗಾಃ great ones, ತೇ they, ಧರ್ಮಚಾರಿಣಃ followers of righteousness, ವಿಧಿನಾ as per tradition, ಸತ್ಕೃತ್ಯ after rendering due hospitality, ರಾಮಸ್ಯ to Rama, ಸಲಿಲಮ್ water, ಆಜಹ್ರುಃ offered.

The great sages comparable to the fire-god and followers of righteousness honoured Rama according to tradition by offering water.
ಪುಷ್ಪಂ ಮೂಲಂ ಫಲಂ ಸರ್ವಮಾಶ್ರಮಂ ಚ ಮಹಾತ್ಮನಃ.

ನಿವೇದಯಿತ್ವಾ ಧರ್ಮಜ್ಞಾಸ್ತೇ ತತಃ ಪ್ರಾಞ್ಜಲಯೋಬ್ರುವನ್৷৷3.1.17৷৷


ಧರ್ಮಜ್ಞಾಃ knowers of dharma, ತೇ they, ತತ: then, ಪುಷ್ಪಮ್ flower, ಫಲಮ್ fruit, ಮೂಲಂ root, ಸರ್ವಮ್ all, ಆಶ್ರಮಂ ಚ and the hermitage, ಮಹಾತ್ಮನಃ to the great self, ನಿವೇದಯಿತ್ವಾ having offered, ಪ್ರಾಞ್ಜಲಯಃ with folded palms, ಅಬ್ರುವನ್ said.

The sages who were knowers of dharma saluted the noble Rama, offered fruits, roots and flowers available at the hermitage and with folded palms said thus:
ಧರ್ಮಪಾಲೋ ಜನಸ್ಯಾಸ್ಯ ಶರಣ್ಯಸ್ತ್ವಂ ಮಹಾಯಶಾಃ.

ಪೂಜನೀಯಶ್ಚ ಮಾನ್ಯಶ್ಚ ರಾಜಾ ದಣ್ಡಧರೋ ಗುರುಃ৷৷3.1.18৷৷


ರಾಜಾ king, ಮಹಾಯಶಾ: of great fame, ಜನಸ್ಯಾಸ್ಯ of the people, ಧರ್ಮಪಾಲಃ protector of dharma, ಶರಣ್ಯಶ್ಚ refuge, ಪೂಜನೀಯಶ್ಚ worthy of worship, ಮಾನ್ಯಶ್ಚ respectable, ದಣ್ಡಧರಃ chastiser of evil-doers, ಗುರುಃ a respectable one.

O king of great reputation, you are the refuge of the people, a protector of dharma, a chastiser of wrong-doers, a worshipful and respectable preceptor.
ಇನ್ದ್ರಸ್ಯೇಹ ಚತುರ್ಭಾಗಃ ಪ್ರಜಾ ರಕ್ಷತಿ ರಾಘವ.

ರಾಜಾ ತಸ್ಮಾದ್ವರಾನ್ಭೋಗಾನ್ರಮ್ಯಾನ್ ಭುಙಕ್ತೇಲೋಕನಮಸ್ಕೃತಃ৷৷3.1.19৷৷


ರಾಘವ O Rama, ಇನ್ದ್ರಸ್ಯ Indra's, ಇಹ here, ಚತುರ್ಭಾಗಃ fourth part, ಪ್ರಜಾಃ people, ರಕ್ಷತಿ protects, ತಸ್ಮಾತ್ therefore, ರಾಜಾ king, ನಮಸ್ಕೃತಃ obeyed, ವರಾನ್ best, ಭೋಗಾನ್ pleasures, ಭುಙಕ್ತೇ enjoys.

O Rama, in this world a king is considered the fourth part of Indra as he protects the people. Therefore, he is respected and he enjoys the choicest pleasures of life.
ತೇ ವಯಂ ಭವತಾ ರಕ್ಷ್ಯಾ ಭವದ್ವಿಷಯವಾಸಿನಃ.

ನಗರಸ್ಥೋ ವನಸ್ಥೋ ವಾ ತ್ವಂ ನೋ ರಾಜಾ ಜನೇಶ್ವರಃ৷৷3.1.20৷৷


ಭವದ್ವಿಷಯವಾಸಿ residents of your domain, ತೇ to you, ವಯಮ್ we, ಭವತಾ by you, ರಕ್ಷ್ಯಾಃ deserve to be protected, ನಗರಸ್ಥಃ residing in a city, ವನಸ್ಥಃ ವಾ or staying in the forest, ಜನೇಶ್ವರ: Lord of the people, ತ್ವಮ್ you, ರಾಜಾ king.

Since we are the residents of your territory we deserve to be protected by you. Whether you live in the city or in the forest, you are the lord of the people and our king.
ನ್ಯಸ್ತದಣ್ಡಾ ವಯಂ ರಾಜಞ್ಜಿತಕ್ರೋಧಾ ಜಿತೇನ್ದ್ರಿಯಾಃ.

ರಕ್ಷಣೀಯಾಸ್ತ್ವಯಾ ಶಶ್ವದಗರ್ಭಭೂತಾಸ್ತಪೋಧನಾಃ৷৷3.1.21৷৷


ರಾಜನ್ O king, ಜಿತಕ್ರೋಧಾಃ men who have conquered anger, ಜಿತೇನ್ದ್ರಿಯಾಃ self-controlled, ತಪೋಧನಾಃ asceties, ವಯಮ್ we, ನ್ಯಸ್ತದಣ್ಡಾಃ cast aside the symbol of authority, ಗರ್ಭಭೂತಾಃ like your children, ತ್ವಯಾ by you, ಶಶ್ವತ್ forever, ರಕ್ಷಣೀಯಾಃ to be protected.

O king, we have conquered our anger and have controlled our senses. We ascetics have cast aside all our authority. We are like your children and need to be protected by you forever
ಏವಮುಕ್ತ್ವಾ ಫಲೈರ್ಮೂಲೈಃ ಪುಷ್ಪೈರ್ವನ್ಯೈಶ್ಚ ರಾಘವಮ್.

ಅನ್ಯೈಶ್ಚ ವಿವಿಧಾಹಾರೈಃ ಸಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಣಮಪೂಜಯನ್৷৷3.1.22৷৷


ಏವಮ್ in that manner, ಉಕ್ತ್ವಾ having said, ಸಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಣಮ್ along with Lakshmana, ರಾಘವಮ್ Rama, ಫಲೈಃ with fruits, ಮೂಲೈಃ with roots, ಪುಷ್ಪೈಃ with flowers, ಅನ್ಯೈಶ್ಚ and by other, ವನ್ಯೈಃ by forest produce, ವಿವಿಧಾಹಾರೈಃ different kinds of food, ಅಪೂಜಯನ್ offered with reverence.

Having said so, the ascetics offered with reverence fruits, roots, flowers and other forest products to Rama and Lakshmana.
ತಥಾನ್ಯೇ ತಾಪಸಾಸ್ಸಿದ್ಧಾ ರಾಮಂ ವೈಶ್ವಾನರೋಪಮಾಃ.

ನ್ಯಾಯವೃತ್ತಾ ಯಥಾನ್ಯಾಯಂ ತರ್ಪಯಾಮಾಸುರೀಶ್ವರಮ್৷৷3.1.23৷৷


ತಥಾ like that, ವೈಶ್ವಾನರೋಪಮಾಃ men comparable to fire, ಸಿದ್ಧಾಃ men who accomplished spiritual pursuits, ಅನ್ಯೇ others, ನ್ಯಾಯವೃತ್ತಾಃ law-abiding people, ತಾಪಸಾಃ ascetics, ಈಶ್ವರಮ್ divine Rama (who controls every one), ಯಥಾನ್ಯಾಯಮ್ in a fitting manner, ತರ್ಪಯಾಮಾಸುಃ pleased with their words.

The law-abiding ascetics, who were comparable to fire and who were accomplished in their penances, pleased lord Rama in a befitting manner.
ಇತ್ಯಾರ್ಷೇ ಶ್ರೀಮದ್ರಾಮಾಯಣೇ ವಾಲ್ಮೀಕೀಯ ಆದಿಕಾವ್ಯೇ ಅರಣ್ಯಕಾಣ್ಡೇ ಪ್ರಥಮಸ್ಸರ್ಗಃ৷৷
Thus ends the first sarga of Aranyakanda of the holy Ramayana the first epic composed by sage Valmiki.